All Issue

2024 Vol.51, Issue 3 Preview Page

Food & Chemistry

Evaluation of processing methods and harvest timings for the efficient extraction of Syzygium formosum
Jaeyoon Lim1
,
Jaehan Kim1
,
In-Seok Yeo2*
,
Jong-Tae Park34*
1Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
2Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
3Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
4CARBOEXPERT Inc., Daejeon 34134, Korea
*Corresponding Author
1 September 2024. pp. 361-373
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

Syzygium formosum has been traditionally used in Vietnam as a folk medicine for treating skin and respiratory diseases. With the recent recognition of its beneficial effects such as anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, there is an increasing interest in industrial extraction of its bioactive compounds, such as triterpenoids and flavonoids. In this study, the extraction efficiencies of S. formosum were analyzed by extraction methods and harvest timings. Firstly, it was found that distilled water treatment substantially eliminated almost all flavonoids, suggesting that minimal pretreatment is important to preserve both triterpenoids and flavonoids. Secondly, extractions with 70% ethanol at both lab and pilot scales effectively yielded more than 70% of triterpenoids and flavonoids from S. formosum. Lastly, to investigate the seasonal variation in phytochemicals, extracts from the leaves of S. formosum harvested in April, August, October, and December in Vietnam were analyzed. It was revealed that seasons with lower temperatures led to higher concentrations of triterpenoids and flavonoids. Specifically, December was found to be optimal for obtaining high concentrations of triterpenoid and October for flavonoid. Consequently, this research provides a foundation for the industrial application of S. formosum, providing critical insights into maximizing the extraction efficiency and phytochemical contents through optimized processing methods and strategic harvesting.

Keywords
extraction
flavonoid
LC-MS/MS
Syzygium formosum
triterpenoid
References
1

Altemimi A, Lakhssassi N, Baharlouei A, Watson DG, Lightfoot DA. 2017. Phytochemicals: Extraction, isolation, and identification of bioactive compounds from plant extracts. Plants 6:42.

10.3390/plants6040042
2

Andre CM, Legay S, Deleruelle A, Nieuwenhuizen N, Punter M, Brendolise C, Cooney JM, Lateur M, Hausman JF, Larondelle Y, et al. 2016. Multifunctional oxidosqualene cyclases and cytochrome P450 involved in the biosynthesis of apple fruit triterpenic acids. New Phytologist 211:1279-1294.

10.1111/nph.13996
3

Berini JL, Brockman SA, Hegeman AD, Reich PB, Muthukrishnan R, Montgomery RA, Forester JD. 2018. Combinations of abiotic factors differentially alter production of plant secondary metabolites in five woody plant species in the boreal-temperate transition zone. Frontiers in Plant Science 9:1257.

10.3389/fpls.2018.01257
4

Bitwell C, Indra Sen S, Luke C, Kakoma MK. 2023. A review of modern and conventional extraction techniques and their applications for extracting phytochemicals from plants. Scientific African 19:e01585.

10.1016/j.sciaf.2023.e01585
5

Cai C, Ma J, Han C, Jin Y, Zhao G, He X. 2019. Extraction and antioxidant activity of total triterpenoids in the mycelium of a medicinal fungus, Sanghuangporus sanghuang. Scientific Reports 9:7418.

10.1038/s41598-019-43886-0
6

Dinday S, Ghosh S. 2023. Recent advances in triterpenoid pathway elucidation and engineering. Biotechnology Advances 68:108214.

10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108214
7

Ghosh S. 2016. Biosynthesis of structurally diverse triterpenes in plants: The role of oxidosqualene cyclases. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy 82:1189-1210.

10.16943/ptinsa/2016/48578
8

Havsteen BH. 2002. The biochemistry and medical significance of the flavonoids. Pharmacology & Therapeutics 96:67-202.

10.1016/S0163-7258(02)00298-X
9

Hoang KHT, Lim J, Nguyen MTT, Lee NY, Lee CK, Nguyen VD, Kim HL, Park JT, Kim J. 2021. Comparative phytochemical analysis of Syzygium formosum (Wall.) Masam leaf and its biological activities. Applied Science 11:10552.

10.3390/app112210552
10

Lee H, Oh IN, Kim J, Jung DH, Cuong NP, Kim Y, Lee J, Kwon O, Park SU, Lim Y, et al. 2018. Phenolic compound profiles and their seasonal variations in new red-phenotype head-forming Chinese cabbages. LWT 90:433-439.

10.1016/j.lwt.2017.12.056
11

Lee MH, Jiang CB, Juan SH, Lin RD, Hou WC. 2006. Antioxidant and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)-induced effects of selected Taiwanese plants. Fitoterapia 77:109-115.

10.1016/j.fitote.2005.11.012
12

Li Q, Lei S, Du K, Li L, Pang X, Wang Z, Wei M, Fu S, Hu L, Xu L. 2016. RNA-seq based transcriptomic analysis uncovers α-linolenic acid and jasmonic acid biosynthesis pathways respond to cold acclimation in Camellia japonica. Scientific Reports 6:36463.

10.1038/srep36463
13

Lin S, Zhang G, Liao Y, Pan J, Gong D. 2015. Dietary flavonoids as xanthine oxidase inhibitors: Structure-affinity and structure-activity relationships. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 63:7784-7794.

10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03386
14

Loi DT. 2001. Medicinal Plants and Remedies of Vietnam. p. 826. Medical Publishing House, Hanoi, Vietnam. [in Vietnamese]

15

Ma B, Ren W, Zhou Y, Ma J, Ruan Y, Wen CN. 2011. Triterpenoids from the spores of Ganoderma lucidum. North American Journal of Medical Sciences 3:495-498.

10.4297/najms.2011.3495
16

Mansuri ML, Parihar P, Solanki I, Parihar MS. 2014. Flavonoids in modulation of cell survival signalling pathways. Genes & Nutrition 9:400.

10.1007/s12263-014-0400-z
17

Martin DE, Salzwedel K, Allaway GP. 2008. Bevirimat: A novel maturation inhibitor for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy 19:107-113.

10.1177/095632020801900301
18

Metodiewa D, Kochman A, Karolczak S. 1997. Evidence for antiradical and antioxidant properties of four biologically active N,N-diethylaminoethyl ethers of flavanone oximes: A comparison with natural polyphenolic flavonoid (rutin) action. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology International 41:1067-1075.

10.1080/15216549700202141
19

Misra RC, Sharma S, Sandeep, Garg A, Chanotiya CS, Ghosh, S. 2017. Two CYP716A subfamily cytochrome P450 monooxygenases of sweet basil play similar but nonredundant roles in ursane- and oleanane-type pentacyclic triterpene biosynthesis. New Phytologist 214:706-720.

10.1111/nph.14412
20

Nguyen TMN, Lomunova M, Vu TPD, Le BV, Kim YH, Kang JS, Hwang, I. 2018. Anti-allergic effects of the ethanol extract of Syzygium formosum (Wall.) Masam leaves and its immunoregulatory mechanisms. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 211:171-179.

10.1016/j.jep.2017.09.026
21

Park HA, Kim MY, Lee NY, Lim J, Park KB, Lee CK, Nguyen VD, Kim J, Park JT, Park JI. 2021. Variation of triterpenic acids in 12 wild Syzygium formosum and anti-inflammation activity on human keratinocyte HaCaT. Plants 10:2428.

10.3390/plants10112428
22

Parul R, Das AK, Rana MS. 2020. Comparative pharmacological evaluation in respect to non-polar and polar solvent extracts of the leaves of Syzygium balsameum & Syzygium formosum. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 9:45-52.

23

Phuong TT, Na M, Nguyen HD, Tran MH, Pham TK, Van Thanh T, Nguyen HN, Nguyen DT, Sok D, Bae, K. 2006. Antioxidant activities of Vietnamese medicinal plants. Natural Product Science 12:29-37.

24

Sandeep, Misra RC, Chanotiya CS, Mukhopadhyay P, Ghosh, S. 2019. Oxidosqualene cyclase and CYP716 enzymes contribute to triterpene structural diversity in the medicinal tree banaba. New Phytologist 222:408-424.

10.1111/nph.15606
25

Shi Y, Ding Y, Yang, S. 2015. Cold signal transduction and its interplay with phytohormones during cold acclimation. Plant & Cell Physiology 56:7-15.

10.1093/pcp/pcu115
26

Thimmappa R, Geisler K, Louveau T, O'Maille P, Osbourn, A. 2014. Triterpene biosynthesis in plants. Annual Review of Plant Biology 65:225-257.

10.1146/annurev-arplant-050312-120229
27

Uddin A, Hossain F, Reza A, Nasrin MS, Alam, A. 2022. Traditional uses, pharmacological activities, and phytochemical constituents of the genus Syzygium: A review. Food Science & Nutrition 10:1789-1819.

10.1002/fsn3.2797
28

Wang GB, Cao FL, Chang L, Guo XQ, Wang, J. 2014. Temperature has more effects than soil moisture on biosynthesis of flavonoids in Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) leaves. New Forests 45:797-812.

10.1007/s11056-014-9437-5
29

Yang L, Wen KS, Ruan X, Zhao YX, Wei F, Wang, Q. 2018. Response of plant secondary metabolites to environmental factors. Molecules 23:762.

10.3390/molecules23040762
Information
  • Publisher :Institute of Agricultural Science, Chungnam National University
  • Publisher(Ko) :충남대학교 농업과학연구소
  • Journal Title :Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
  • Journal Title(Ko) :농업과학연구
  • Volume : 51
  • No :3
  • Pages :361-373
  • Received Date : 2024-07-29
  • Revised Date : 2024-08-14
  • Accepted Date : 2024-08-19
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7744/kjoas.510311
Journal Informaiton Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
Online Submission
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • crossref funder-registry
  • KISTI Current Status
  • KISTI Cited-by
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close